| 🐍 | Code | 🔍 | Worked Example |
| 📈 | Graph | 🧩 | Exercise |
| 🏷️ | Definition | 💻 | Numerical Method |
| 💎 | Theorem | 🧮 | Analytical Method |
| 📝 | Remark | 🧠 | Theory |
| ℹ️ | Information | 🗝️ | Hint |
| ⚠️ | Warning | 🔓 | Solution |
A field of Mathematics that deals with the
modelling,
analysis and
control.
of abstract dynamical systems.
🇺🇸 Control Theory \(\to\) 🇫🇷 Automatique.
Described by a set of time-dependent variables,
which are governed by mathematical equations,
that connects the system past, present and future.
Apply Control Theory to design & build concrete dynamical systems with specified behaviors.
Overlaps with and complements:
🔌 Electrical Engineering
🔧 Mechanical Engineering
🖥️ Software Engineering
…
Consider:
💸 Cost analysis
🎨 Creative/complex work?
🦾 Strength, speed, precision
🏜️ Hostile work environment
twin-engine, canard delta wing, multirole fighter
air superiority fighter / agile / dogfighter
⚠️ aerodynamically unstable in subsonic flight!
“The design of the Typhoon is such that without input to any control surfaces the aircraft will pitch up during flight extremely quickly.”
“Although this improves the agility of the aircraft it also requires a system to enable controlled flight to be maintained.”
“This is achieved through the Fly By Wire 🏷️ Flight Control System […].”
“With this system the pilot has no direct link to any of the aircraft’s control surfaces.”
“Instead, all movements of the throttle, stick or pedals are interpreted by the FCS and an appropriate control response taken.”
4th generation of Boeing 737.
Larger and more powerful engines.
\(\to\) ⛽ fuel consumption reduced by 14%
\(\to\) 💸 profit!
\(\to\) ⚠️ engines located further forward and higher
\(\to\) ⚠️ pitch-up tendency that needs to be controlled
\(\to\) 🏷️ Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System (MCAS)
✈️ Lion Air Flight 610 (2018, Indonesia)
“MCAS pushing the aircraft into a dive due to data from a faulty angle-of-attack sensor.”
✈️ Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302 (2019, Ethiopia)
“Evidence suggests, that […] the aircraft was configured to dive, similar to Lion Air Flight 610.”
\(\to\) 🛑 global 737 MAX groundings.
📆 2022: despite marketing stunts, not there yet.
🏷️ Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems
Level 0: ~ No automation
Level 1: ~ Hands on
Level 2: ~ Hands off \(\leftarrow\) Telsa Autopilot
Level 3: ~ Eyes off \(\leftarrow\) Mercedes Drive Pilot (2021)
Level 4: ~ Mind off
Level 5: ~ 🚀 Self-driving
Single feature automation.
🏷️CAS: Collision avoidance systems
🏷️ CC: Cruise control
📰 Tesla’s self-driving technology fails to detect children […]
📰 Mercedes Drive Pilot Beats Tesla Autopilot By Taking Legal Responsibility
📰 Mercedes-Benz Wins World’s First Approval For Level 3 Autonomous Cars
